American Journal of Nursing Research

Background: The growing focus on health promotion and wellbeing provides an opportunity to investigate the role of resilience in health. Aims: To identify the relationship between resilience, depressive symptoms, and perceived social support among university students in Jordan. Methods: a descriptive correlational design utilized to collect data collected using self-reported questionnaire from 480 university students from two private and two public universities in Jordan. Data collected in regards to resilience, depressive symptoms, and perceived social support. Results: The results showed that 50% of the university students in this study had moderate to high level of resiliency, 70% had certain degree of depressive feeling, and about 50% had had high level of perception of social support from family, friends, and others. The findings also showed that depression (β = - .51, p < .001) and perceived social support from friends (β = .18, p < .001) were significant predictors of resilience. Conclusions: Mental health professionals need to enhance resiliency and perceived social support system among university- aged individuals. In their periodic assessment, mental health professionals have to screen students for risk behaviors and psychosocial health indicators such as resilience, depressive symptoms, sources of perceived social support and life styles.

American Journal of Nursing Research. 2014, 2(4), 74-79. DOI: 10.12691/ajnr-2-4-4
Pub. Date: January 01, 2015

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The Directions of Child Care Activity in Ukraine at the Beginning of the 20^th Century

by Svetlana Luparenko

Original Research

Human personality and health are believed to be the most significant values in modern world. At the same time many scientists note the uniqueness and importance of childhood in the process of human development, as it is in childhood when the foundations for further life are laid: the most active development of all personal qualities, physical and mental health occurs. Thus, it is necessary to take certain steps to maintain children’s health and create conditions for their future successful life. From this point of view, it is useful to study the experience of child care steps taken in different counties of the world and during different historical periods. It would help to analyze advantages and disadvantages of certain measures and determine the possibilities of their use in modern conditions. This paper has been written on the basis of archive materials of the State Archive of Kharkiv Region and the State Archive of Odesa Region and reveals the directions of child care activity implemented by the government and social organizations in Ukraine at the beginning of the 20^th century. These directions are patronage, children’s feeding, lease of apartments for children, providing children with financial support, taking steps aimed at strengthening of children’s health, support of the courts for juvenile offenders. It should be noted that the directions depend greatly on children’s peculiarities, local living conditions and specific features of organization of educational process at children’s establishments. That is why the realization of the directions can differ in certain situations.

American Journal of Nursing Research. 2014, 2(4), 68-73. DOI: 10.12691/ajnr-2-4-3
Pub. Date: December 24, 2014

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Nurses’ Perception of Medication Administration Errors

by Ahmad E. Aboshaiqah

Original Research

Background: medication administration error (MAE) is one main component for safety healthcare services. The purpose of this study is to investigative factors associated with nurses’ medication administration errors. Design: A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional design was used. Methods: 309 nurses at two regional hospitals we included and 288 hospital records of medication error analyzed. Medication administration error checklist and hospital records of medication errors were employed to measure the key variables. Results: rate of medication error among nurses was 1.4 times per month (SD = 1.3). The most common factors associated with errors were “Unit staffs do not receive enough in services on new medications” (69.6%, n = 215) and “Poor communication between nurses and physicians” (65.4%, n = 202), while the lowest reported factors was “Physicians change orders frequently” (23.3%, n = 72) and “Physicians' medication orders are not clear” (24.9, n =77). Items analysis also showed that miscommunication with physicians (M=4.51), work overload (staffing) (M= 4.42) had the highest means among all factors. The most reported type of error is the wrong timing of medication administration (30.9%, n = 89). Conclusion: communication, unclear medication orders, workload and medication pancakes were the main factors associate with Medication administration errors.

American Journal of Nursing Research. 2014, 2(4), 63-67. DOI: 10.12691/ajnr-2-4-2
Pub. Date: December 12, 2014

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Nurses’ Perception of Managers’ Leadership Styles and Its Associated Outcomes

by Ahmad E. Aboshaiqah, Ayman M. Hamdan-Mansour, Dennis R. Sherrod, Ahmed Alkhaibary and Sultan Alkhaibary

Original Research

The purpose of this study was to examine leadership styles, factors, and outcomes perceived by. Cross sectional descript correlational design utilized to collect data from 272 nurses in two major government-owned, tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Data collected in regards to nurses’ perception of their supervisors’ leadership styles and outcome factors. Nurses had a perception that their supervisors are more frequently using transformation and transactional than laissez-faire leadership styles. There was positive correlation between outcome factors (effectiveness, extra efforts and satisfaction) and transformational (r = .77, .74, .74; p < .001) and transactional leadership styles (.39, .42, .34; p < .001) and negative with laissez-faire leadership style (-.25, -.13, -.29, p < .05). that there were significant differences between male and female nurses in regards to using transactional leadership style (t = 2.74, p < .001) and laissez-faire leadership style (t = 3.35, p < .001) with male nurses mean score higher than female nurses mean score in both styles (transactional style: male = 2.60, female 2.31; laissez-faire leadership style: male = 2.04, female = 1.41). Findings provide supporting evidence that a combination of leadership styles to attain desired goals and further studies are suggested to explore leadership best practices.

American Journal of Nursing Research. 2014, 2(4), 57-62. DOI: 10.12691/ajnr-2-4-1
Pub. Date: December 09, 2014

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